Ukraine in the XIX century: the age of modernization

Authors: Shandra Valentyna  Arkusha Olena

The main processes such as industrialization, urbanization, and formation of national identity that determined Ukraine’s history at the transition stage from a traditional agrarian to a contemporary society are reflected. It is shown how scientific and technical educational achievements, socioeconomic transformations, and changes in everyday life revealed to the people of the XIX century new opportunities for the implementation of advanced ideas and own aspirations. Ukraine, despite being a part of two empires — the Romanovs and the Habsburgs — continued its existence primarily in the cultural and intellectual space, thanks to the work of intellectuals during the “long XIX century”, it made its way to the understanding of its history, the creation of modern culture and national-cultural institutions, political unification based on own statehood. For general readers.